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| Vaccine-Preventable Diseases |
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Cholera |
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Cholera
is caused by infection with a bacteria,
Vibrio cholerae, that produces a
toxin. The cholera bacterium is usually
found in water or food sources that have
been contaminated by feces (poop) from a
person infected with cholera. Cholera is
most likely to be found and spread in
places with inadequate water treatment,
poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene. |
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The most
common symptom of cholera is a large
amount of watery diarrhea, often
described as "rice-water stool" because
it can have a pale, milky appearance. It
can also be accompanied by nausea and
vomiting. Cholera can be severe and
rapidly fatal without treatment
(replacement of water lost by diarrhea). |
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Cholera
occurs in approximately 50 countries,
primarily in Africa and South and
Southeast Asia. Globally, cholera
results in an estimated 2.9 million
cases of disease
and 95,000 deaths each year. |
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Cholera
is rare in the United States. Most U.S.
cases occur among travelers to countries
where cholera is present. |
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An oral
cholera vaccine (Vaxchora, PaxVax
Corporation) is available in the United
States, and is recommended by CDC for
adults traveling to areas with active
cholera transmission (most people do not
travel to areas of active cholera
transmission). The vaccine prevents
severe diarrhea caused by the most
common type of
cholera bacteria. |
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Avoiding
unsafe food and water can also prevent
many cholera infections. Travelers who
consistently observe safe food, water,
sanitation, and handwashing
recommendations while in countries
affected by cholera have almost no risk
of acquiring cholera. See the
CDC
website for information about food and water
precautions. |
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No
country or territory currently requires
vaccination against cholera as a
condition for entry. |
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Cholera Vaccine Schedule |
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single dose of oral cholera
vaccine is recommended for adult
travelers (18 through 64 years
of age) from the United States
to an area of active cholera
transmission. The vaccine
reduces the chance of severe
diarrhea in people by 90% at 10
days after vaccination and by
80% at 3 months after
vaccination. The safety and
effectiveness of oral cholera
vaccine in pregnant or
breastfeeding women is not yet
known, and it is also not known
how long protection lasts beyond
3 to 6 months after getting the
vaccine. There is no
recommendation for a booster
dose at this time. Side effects
from the vaccine are uncommon
and may include tiredness,
headache, abdominal pain, nausea
and vomiting, lack of appetite,
and diarrhea. The vaccine is not
recommended for children younger
than 18 years or adults age 65
years or older.
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| Cholera |
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| Introduction, fact sheet, Q&As, and vaccination information from CDC |
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| Destinations |
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Select a destination from the list and
get travel health information for that
location, including vaccination
requirements |
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| Global Travel Health Directory |
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| Provides information on travel clinic locations in your area and more from the International Society of Travel Medicine |
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Video Library |
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| Way to Go - Passport to Health: Health experts suggest that you take several key steps to be protected against injury or illness when travelling to developing nations. This includes packing a health kit, bringing medications, and getting immunizations for safe and healthy travel. |
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| >> view all videos |
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| Personal Testimonies |
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| Stories of suffering and loss |
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| No Cholera stories currently available |
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| Download certificate for free from the WHO website |
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| This page was updated
on October 9, 2019. |
| This page was reviewed
on October 9, 2019. |
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Immunization Action Coalition • 2550 University Avenue West • Suite 415 North • Saint Paul, Minnesota • 55114 |
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tel 651-647-9009 • fax 651-647-9131 |
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The Immunization Action Coalition (IAC), a non-profit organization, works to increase immunization rates and prevent disease by creating and distributing educational materials for health professionals and the public that enhance delivery of safe and effective immunization services. IAC also facilitates communication about the safety, efficacy, and use of vaccines within the broad immunization community of patients, parents, healthcare organizations, and government health agencies. |
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